Unidad 3
Técnicas de lectura: predicción, scanning y skimming
Técnicas de lectura: predicción, scanning y skimming
- Seleccione un texto que tenga una imagen.
What Is a Chemical Process Plant?
A chemical process plant is an industrial environment where chemicals can be manufactured. In some plants, existing chemicals are processed into new materials. The range of chemicals and products produced in such facilities is broad. Different chemical processes are often required.
The process that is employed at a chemical process plant normally involves steps known as unit operations. Each unit operation is usually carried out in a separate unit, or area, of the chemical process plant. The units are usually connected to one another in a way that allows materials that be transported to the next unit when each operation is complete.
Chemicals and chemical-based products need to originate from other things. The first unit operation in a chemical process plant is usually the input of raw materials, also known as feedstocks. A feedstock not only refers to the first raw materials introduced into the process, but can also refer to material that is entering a certain unit.
Output in a chemical process plant can refer to matter that has completed a unit operation and is leaving a specific unit. It can also refer to matter that has completed the entire chemical process and is ready to leave the plant. A product or chemical completed at one chemical process plant may still be only in its first stages. Output from one plant is often feedstock for another.
The unit operations that occur between the input of feedstocks and final output vary. The approach taken will depend heavily on what is being produced. Even within a general of area of chemical processing, such as petrochemical production, the processes can vary greatly.
The facilities where these chemical processes are employed are usually designed by chemical engineers. Building a chemical process plant is not as simple as employing people to erect the structure and connect pipes and electricity. Unlike other structures, such as stores or office buildings, there is a lot more consideration that needs to be taken with chemical process plants.
- Observe la imagen y conteste las siguientes preguntas.
- De acuerdo al título y la imagen: ¿cuál cree usted que es el tópico que está a punto de leer?
El tópico del texto trata de un proceso químico en una planta petroquímica. Explica que es un proceso químico haciendo énfasis en una planta petroquímica.
- ¿Cuál es la idea general del texto?
Habla de un proceso químico de una planta donde explican los pasos básico en el área petroquímica, la planta funciona con materia prima base.
En general establecen que en esta planta se dan pasos básicos para la elaboración de productos químicos y todos los procesos están relacionados y con un producto químico podemos transformarlo en otros materiales.
- ¿Qué palabras se repiten?
Chemical, Plant, process, materials, operation, employed, production
- ¿Que palabras se parecen al español?
Industrial, materails, operation, production, process, introduced
- ¿Cuáles son las palabras en negrita, el titulo, subtitulo o gráficos que te ayudan a entender el texto?
What Is a Chemical Process Plant?
- ¿De qué trata el texto? Lee el primer párrafo y el último o la ultimas ideas del último párrafo.
Habla de un proceso químico de una planta donde explican que los químicos se fabrican y también se transforman para obtener nuevos productos químicos, en esta planta son varios productos del área química que se pueden obtener, los procesos están divididos en áreas, la plata requiere insumos o materia primas para comenzar a obtener nuevos productos y materiales.
En general establecen que en esta planta se dan pasos básicos para la elaboración de productos químicos y todos los procesos están relacionados y con un producto químico podemos transformarlo en otros materiales.
Unidad 4
Patrones de Organización de un Párrafo
A. Seleccione un texto relacionado con su área de experticia. Lea el texto y extraiga:
- Las definiciones
- y los marcadores de definición.
Oil Processing
In order to stop spoilage and to extend shelf life, manufacturers claim that nutrients have to be removed -- which causes flavor to be lost as well. All the natural substances that help digest and metabolize the oils are removed, including: phospholipids (including lecithin); phytosterols (which block cholesterol absorption from the intestines); Vitamin E, carotene and their precursors (which protect oils against damage in storage by their antioxidant properties); chlorophyll (which is rich in magnesium); aromatic and volatile compounds; and minerals.
During the processing of oils, natural compounds are altered by heat and chemicals, causing the nutrients to be either converted or removed. Conversion to detrimental substances include trans fatty acids, polymers, cyclic compounds, aldehydes, ketones, epoxides, hydroperoxides, and other compounds not yet identified. Many of these substances are toxic, even in small quantities.
B. Seleccione otro texto relacionado con su área de experticia y extraiga las palabras de secuencia u ordenamiento del tiempo.
Biodiesel, which is defined as the monoalkyl esters of long chain fatty acids derived from a renewable lipid feedstock, has received considerable attention worldwide as a medium-term alternative to diesel fuel obtained from petroleum. Biodiesel can be produced by the transesterification of vegetable oils or animal fats using short-chain alcohols in the presence of a suitable catalyst and glycerol is the only byproduct obtained in significant quantities. In this work a techno-economic analysis of a process that produces biodiesel from vegetable oils is presented with the aim to investigate the dependence of the critical profitability indicators on the production capacity. © 2009 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.
Article history: Received 9 September 2008 Received in revised form 23 April 2009 Accepted 24 April 2009 Keywords: Biodiesel production Economic analysis Process design
1. Introduction Biodiesel, which is defined as the monoalkyl esters of long chain fatty acids derived from a renewable lipid feedstock, has received considerable attention worldwide as a medium-term alternative to diesel fuel obtained from petroleum. Biodiesel can be produced by the transesterification of oils with short-chain alcohols, such as methanol, or by the esterification of free fatty acids (FFA). The transesterification reaction is taking place in the presence of a suitable catalyst such as alkali or acid and...
- Marcadores de Tiempo
- Idea general del párrafo
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